Multi-period reverse logistics network design

Reverse logistics, as defined by the European Working Group on Reverse Logistics, is the process of planning, implementing and controlling backward flows of raw materials, in process inventory, packaging and finished goods, from a manufacturing, distribution or use point, to a point of recovery or point of proper disposal. In the broadest sense, this process involves collection, inspection, recycling, refurbishing, and remanufacturing of used or returned products, including leased equipment and machines.